Aeroplane



M 7 1927' J..ALBESSARD' AEROPLANE Filed May 20. 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 m nus 56 MW In wen (of May a, 1927. 1,627,904

J. ALBESSARD AEROPLANE Filed May 20. 1926 s Sheets-Sheet 2 fig. 2

. Patented May 3, 1927.

UNITED STATES I 1,627,004 PATENT OFFICE,

:rosnrn annnssaanior rams, r-nancnl AEBOPLANE.

Application filed my 20, i926. Serial'N'o. 110,458.

is obtained, according to the invention, by a triangular arrangement of the supporting planes which ensures'the automatic stability of,the apparatus and procures special guiding facilities which are completed and increased by the arrangement of the wings, each of which comprises'a stationary portion and a portion movable at variable in-' cidence, the arrangement being combined with a driving system which permits of altering--at any moment by hand the incidence of the said movable portions of the wings starting from an initial incidence the ilot in accordance with theconditions of t e flight, especially. in the sense of 1ncreasing,- at the landing, at the starting and for the change speed gear.

An aeroplane construction according to. the invention is shown, b way of example, in t e accompanying diagrammatically drawing, in which Fig; 1 is a. side elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan view.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing in perspeoshaft. The oscillata le lever 15 controls the tive view the total driving mechanism.

The aeroplane according to the invention comprises at the rear a supporting plane consisting of two win 1,1 fixed as usual on the frame 2 at eit er side of the'same,

. these wings having at the rear and along their entire length, in the sense perpendicular to the frame, movable portions or balancing planes 3 at variable incidence hi H edly mounted in a suitable manner on t e corresponding stationaryportion 1 of said wings. a

At the front end'of the frame and for a width corresponding approximately to the an across the rear wings a stationar 'p ane 4 is arranged of a .penetratmg profi e j without incidence and designedtto ensure that the stream lines are broughtagain into and maintained in the horizontal directon said stream lines exertin then, undermore favorable conditions, their action upon the rear plane. At each end of. this plane 4 a stationary supporting wing 5 is arranged;

which has along its transverse edge a mov- "ableportion or balancing plane 6 which is are not perfectly skilled are suificient. which may be regulated itselfat'the will of horizontal axle of the the balancing The invention is essentially characterized by the combination of the elements, which have been described, with a special driving system by means of. which these elements co-operate to obtain the result in view of a sure. automatic stability and of such an casiness of guiding that even pilots: which This driving system (see s ecially Fig. 3)

comprises a lfindlever 10 w ich is mounted at-its lower end in a Cardan joint and car ,ries two stationary bearings 11, 11-from which extend in a horizontal plane the shafts 13, 14 towards the front and towards the rear, said shafts being connected to the hand lever by means of cardans 12, 12.

At the free end of shaft 13 a horizontal oscillatable lever 15 is j ournalled in a movable bearing 16 ada ted to slide upon this connected with the upper ends of the vertical rods 17 17 by angle irons 18, 18, a twoarmed lever 20 mounted on the end of each horizontal rod 19 and a horizontal connect mg rod 21 at the upper endof each lever 20 andhingedly connected at the other end to a lever 21 of the balancing planes 6. The

shaft 14 is journalled at its free end in,a

bearing 16' slidable upon said shaft and the shaft carries an oscillatable transversev lever .15 which is designed to operate the balanc 1 by similar.

ing planes of the rear "it? means ashave been 'descri for controlling] planes of the front wings. I If the hand e 10 is turned-in the one or other direction the .balancin wings at the front and rear of the aerop ane are simul'-; taneously lowered'or'lifted throughthe in-,

the initial incidence of the balancing planes, especially for starting or landing, the bearings 16 and 16*" are hingedly mounted on forks 23, 23 of horizontal axles 24;, 24 'to the other ends of which levers 25, 25 are hinged which, by means of connectingrods 26,26, are connected to a toothed sector 27, each sector meshing with a pinion 28 driven by a hand wheel 29, means for automatically locking said pinions if the hand wheel is not rotated being provided.

The pilot can, by means of this hand wheel 29 and of the intermediary elements described and by altering the inclination of the forks 23, 23 modify the position in hei ht of the bearings 16, 16", without in terering with or interrupting the differential driving of the balancing surfaces by the handle, and lift or lower the balancing planes without modifying their angular position, wherefroln results an identical action for all the balancing planes causing a similar variation of their incidence. I

For controlling the longitudinal balancer 8 serves a connecting rod 30 connected to the hand lever 10 by a ball joint, said connecting rod 30 being hingedly connected to a vertical lever 31 which, by wires 32 and 32 or by rigid bars, is connected to the lever 33 of the balancer 8. The double armedrocking lever 34 mounted upon .a vertical axle is connected by wires 35, 35 or rigid bars to the lcver'36 of the rudder 9.

Instead of rigid bars, Wires might be used for controlling the variations of the incidence at the condition however that a return cable be provided for each separate drive for the balancing planes.

The increase of incidence of the balancing planes at the front and at the rear, obtained by the same rotation of the hand wheel 29 which remains automatically fixed to the selected incidence, permits to increase the supporting power of the planes without the necessity of making the aeroplane rear and it permits, consequently, of ascending in maintaining the aeroplane in the horizontal I position. By reducing the output of the engine one makes the aeroplane descend flat, always in the horizontal position and without inclining the head. The facultative increasing and decreasing of the supporting power avoids the dangers of speed changing.

An aeroplane possessing natural stability, comprising in combination, a rear supporting plane composed at either side of the frame of a stationary portion and of a balancing surface of variable incidence, a central stationary plane at the front end without incidence and corresponding to the span across the rear plane, two supporting planes arranged at the lateral ends of said central plane and comprising each a movable portion and a balancing plane of variable incidence, a lever for each balancing plane of variable incidence, a connecting rod connected to each lever, a two-armed transmission lever ,hingedly connected to the free end of each connecting rod, a horizontal connecting rod at the free end of each transmission lever, a bell crank transmission at the end of each horizontal connecting rod, a vertical connecting rod hingedly connected to each bell crank transmission, a horizontal oscillatable lever hinged to the lower end of each vertical connecting rod, two horizontal shafts on one of which said oscillatable levers are keyed, a hand lever for operating said horizontal shafts, two slidable bearings one on each shaft, pivotable forks one for carrying one bearing and designed to raise or lower said bearings, and a mechanism for controlling the angle of inclination of said forks said mechanism consisting of transmission levers, connecting rods, a toothed sector, a pinion on each shaft and a handwheel for rotating said pinions.

In testimo'ny whereof I affix my signature.

JOSEPH ALBESSARD. 

